Imbali yeetini ze-aluminium
Iingqayi zokupakisha ibhiya yesinyithi kunye neziselo zinembali engaphezu kweminyaka engama-70. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1930, i-United States yaqala ukuvelisa iingqayi zesinyithi zebhiya. Le ngqayi ineziqwenga ezintathu yenziwe ngepleyiti yesinyithi. Inxalenye ephezulu yomzimba wetanki imile okwekhoni, kwaye inxalenye ephezulu inesiciko sengqayi esimile okwesithsaba. Inkangeleko yayo ngokubanzi ayihlukanga kakhulu kweyeebhotile zeglasi, ngoko umgca wokuzalisa ibhotile yeglasi wasetyenziselwa ukuzalisa ekuqaleni. Kwakungekho kude kube ngeminyaka yoo-1950 apho umgca wokuzalisa ozinikeleyo wafumaneka khona. Isiciko sengqayi saguquka saba yimo ethe tyaba phakathi kweminyaka yoo-1950 saza saphuculwa saba sisiciko sendandatho ye-aluminium ngeminyaka yoo-1960.
Iingqayi zesiselo se-aluminium zavela ngaphambili ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1950, kwaye iingqayi ze-DWI ezineziqwenga ezibini zaphuma ngokusesikweni ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1960. Uphuhliso lweengqayi ze-aluminium lukhawuleza kakhulu. Ekupheleni kwale nkulungwane, ukusetyenziswa konyaka kufikelele ngaphezulu kwe-180 yeebhiliyoni, elilelona candelo likhulu kwiingqayi zesinyithi zizonke kwihlabathi (malunga ne-400 yeebhiliyoni). Ukusetyenziswa kwe-aluminium esetyenziselwa ukwenza iingqayi ze-aluminium nako kukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngo-1963, yayisondele kwi-zero. Ngo-1997, yafikelela kwi-3.6 yezigidi zeetoni, okulingana ne-15% yokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ze-aluminium kwihlabathi.
Itekhnoloji yokuvelisa iitini ze-aluminium iye yaphuculwa rhoqo.
Kangangamashumi eminyaka, iteknoloji yokuvelisa iikani ze-aluminium ibisoloko iphuculwa. Ubunzima beekani ze-aluminium buye bancitshiswa kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1960, ubunzima beekani ze-aluminium eziliwaka (kuquka umzimba wekani kunye nesiciko) bufikelele kwiikhilogram ezingama-55 (malunga neekhilogram ezingama-25), kwaye phakathi kweminyaka yoo-1970 behla baya kwiikhilogram ezingama-44.8 (25 kg). Iikhilogram), behla baya kwiikhilogram ezingama-33 (15 kg) ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, kwaye ngoku behlile baya ngaphantsi kweekhilogram ezingama-30, phantse isiqingatha saloo minyaka engama-40 eyadlulayo. Kwiminyaka engama-20 ukusuka ngo-1975 ukuya ku-1995, inani leekani ze-aluminium (ii-ounces ezili-12 ngomthamo) ezenziwe ngeponti enye ye-aluminium lenyuke ngama-35%. Ukongeza, ngokwezibalo zenkampani yaseMelika i-ALCOA, izinto ze-aluminium ezifunekayo kwiwaka lee-aluminium cans zancitshiswa ukusuka kwi-25.8 pounds ngo-1988 ukuya kwi-22.5 pounds ngo-1998 zaza zancitshiswa ukuya kwi-22.3 pounds ngo-2000. Iinkampani zaseMelika ezenza ii-cans ziye zenza inkqubela phambili kumatshini wokuvala kunye nezinye iiteknoloji, ngoko ke ubukhulu bee-aluminium cans eMelika buye behla kakhulu, ukusuka kwi-0.343 mm ngo-1984 ukuya kwi-0.285 mm ngo-1992 kunye ne-0.259 mm ngo-1998.
Inkqubela encinci kwizivalo zeetini ze-aluminiyam nayo iyabonakala. Ubukhulu bezivalo zeetini ze-aluminiyam behle ukusuka kwi-039 mm ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1960 ukuya kwi-0.36 mm kwiminyaka yoo-1970, ukusuka kwi-0.28 mm ukuya kwi-0.30 mm ngo-1980, ukuya kwi-0.24 mm phakathi kweminyaka yoo-1980. Ububanzi besivalo setini nabo buncitshisiwe. Ubunzima bezivalo zeetini buqhubekile nokuncipha. Ngo-1974, ubunzima beetini ze-aluminiyam eziliwaka babuziikhilogram ezili-13, ngo-1980 behliswa ukuya kwiikhilogram ezili-12, ngo-1984 behliswa ukuya kwiikhilogram ezili-11, ngo-1986 behliswa ukuya kwiikhilogram ezili-10, kwaye ngo-1990 nango-1992 behliswa ukuya kwiikhilogram ezili-9 kunye neekhilogram ezili-9 ngokwahlukeneyo. Iikhilogram ezi-8, zehliswe zaya kwiikhilogram ezi-6.6 ngo-2002. Isantya sokwenza iinkonkxa siphuculwe kakhulu, ukusuka kwi-650-1000cpm (ngomzuzu kuphela) ngeminyaka yoo-1970 ukuya kwi-1000-1750cpm ngeminyaka yoo-1980 kwaye ngoku zingaphezulu kwe-2000cpm.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-28-2021